Edward White Benson
This much loved Festival is held in many Christian churches and schools at
Advent or
Christmas every year. It uses short extracts
(usually 9) taken from both the Old and New Testaments sections of the Bible and interposes carols or hymns, which together tell the history of humanity's 'Fall from Grace'
(through sin), God's promise to send a Messiah
(a 'chosen one') to save us from that state, and the birth of that Saviour - Jesus of Nazareth.
The Service was devised by Edward White Benson when he was Bishop of Truro for a Service on Christmas Eve in 1880, before he went on to become Archbishop of Canterbury in 1883.
The Service was made popular when it was adopted by Kings College, Cambridge. Kings first held the service in 1918 but revised the order of the readings in 1919 and have used that order ever since. The Kings College version always starts with the carol 'Once In Royal David's City' and then follows a traditional format, although they introduce different carols from time, many written especially for them by the eminent holders of their office of organist and choirmaster.
Many local churches, cathedrals and schools follow the Kings College format in which the choir, if there is one, sing some of the carols, possibly with one or more sung by a soloist, and the people singing the rest. The corresponding Bible extracts or 'Lessons' are often each read by a different person, usually a range of different members of the church, the school or the organisation holding the Service.